10 questions · Form 5 Physics Bab 3: Electricity
Why is electrical energy transmitted at very high voltages over long distances in national grid systems?
Prefer reading to quizzing? All 10 questions are listed below with the answer and explanation under each one.
1. Why is electrical energy transmitted at very high voltages over long distances in national grid systems?
Answer: B
Transmitting at high voltage lowers the current (I = PV). Since power loss in cables is P_loss = I²R, lower current drastically reduces thermal energy loss.
2. Three identical 10 Ω resistors are connected in SERIES to a 15 V battery. What is the potential difference across ONE of the resistors?
Answer: B
Total resistance R = 10 + 10 + 10 = 30 Ω. Current I = 1530 = 0.5 A. Voltage across one resistor V = I × R_i = 0.5 A × 10 Ω = 5 V.
3. If 120 J of electrical work is done to transfer 15 C of charge across a resistor, what is the potential difference across the resistor?
Answer: B
V = WQ = 120 J15 C = 8 V.
4. Which circuit component maintains a non-linear V-I relationship (non-ohmic)?
Answer: C
A filament lamp gets hotter as current increases, raising its resistance and producing a non-linear (curved) V-I graph.
5. Which factor causes the terminal potential difference across a battery to be LESS than its electromotive force (e.m.f.) during closed circuit operation?
Answer: B
When current I flows, a potential drop ('lost volts' = Ir) occurs across the internal resistance r of the battery, causing V = E - Ir.
6. Two resistors of 6 Ω and 12 Ω are connected in PARALLEL across a 12 V power supply. What is the total current supplied by the source?
Answer: A
Effective resistance 1R = 16 + 112 = 312 => R = 4 Ω. Total current I = VR = 12 V4 Ω = 3 A.
7. Two resistors of resistance R and 2R are connected in PARALLEL across a DC voltage supply. How does the power dissipated in the 2R resistor compare to the R resistor?
Answer: A
In parallel, potential difference V is identical. Power P = V² / R. Therefore, P ∝ 1R. The 2R resistor dissipates half the power of the R resistor.
8. What is the unit of electrical resistivity ρ?
Answer: B
From R = ρ(lA), ρ = R × Al => Ω × m² / m = Ω m (ohm-meter).
9. An electric motor takes in 500 W of electrical power and delivers 400 W of mechanical output power. What is the efficiency of the motor?
Answer: A
Efficiency = (Output Power / Input Power) × 100% = (400 W500 W) × 100% = 80%.
10. Which change will DOUBLE the resistance of a cylindrical uniform copper wire?
Answer: C
From R = ρ(lA), resistance R is directly proportional to length l. Doubling l doubles the resistance.